Mohammad Rafique Mughal

Prof. Mohammad Rafique Mughal received Ph.D. in 1970 from the University of Pennsylvania, USA. He was Director General of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan;  Director of Archaeological Heritage for Preservation & Management; Director of Explorations and Excavations; *Director, National Museum of Pakistan, Karachi;  Assistant Director of Explorations & Excavations;  and Curator-in-charge, Archaeological Museum, Harappa. He taught archaeology of South Asia and Indus valley Civilization at University of California, Berkeley; University of the Punjab, Pakistan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and International Heritage Management at Boston University; was Research Fellow and Professor of Churchill College, Cambridge University, U.K. and Harvard University. He was Archaeological Adviser to Bahrain Directorate of Antiquities,  1980 – 1982;  THE WORLD BANK Consultant for Cultural Heritage Assessment, Pakistan, 1998 and 1999; UNESCO Consultant in 1996; National Project Coordinator of UNESCO, Japan and Pakistan for Preservation of Gandhara Monuments, 1995 –96; and Delegate to WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE Global Strategy Expert Meeting for Central Asian Cultural Heritage, Turkmenistan, 2000. He evaluated five sites proposed for inscription on World Heritage at Merv (Turkmenistan),1998; Longmen Grottoes (China), 2000; Yungang Grottoes (China), 2001; Pasargadae, (Iran), 2003; and Kunya-Urgengh (Turkmenistan), 2004. Representated ICOMOS at various meetings on World Heritage since 1992.  He supervised restoration and conservation of more than 30 monuments of the Islamic, Buddhist and Proto-historic periods in Pakistan and preparation of fifty major proposals for the conservation of architectural heritage. He planned, organized and carried out 40 archaeological field research projects in Pakistan and other countries. He published more than sixty original research works consisting of books, book chapters and research articles have been published in Pakistan, England, France, Italy, Germany, U.S.A., Bahrain, Japan, Iran, China, Turkmenistan and India. Some papers have also been translated into Japanese, French, German and Sindhi languages.