世界考古学主题论坛演讲

The World Archaeology Keynote Lecture Series is devoted to advancing scholarly exchange and interaction among scholars from different countries across the world by discussing innovative methods, findings and theories in the field of archaeology. Among the major themes addressed are those that have direct relevance to the issues confronting our world today and in the future.

The comparative archaeology of ancient civilizations was the primary theme for the inaugural Shanghai Archaeology Forum. As late Professor Bruce Trigger pointed out,“the most important issue confronting the social sciences is the extent to which human behavior is shaped by factors that operate cross-culturally as opposed to factors that are unique to particular cultures” (Understanding Early Civilizations, 2003). By using comparative methods, archaeologists can understand the material record of past cultures and explore variation over time and space. Comparative analysis is the best way, if not the only way, to determine commonalities and regularities in human behavior, and to identify unique features as well as variations of human societies and cultures. Many fundamental institutions of modern society are deeply rooted in ancient civilizations that emerged many millennia ago. The study of ancient civilizations has significant implications for the understanding and solution of many contemporary problems or even crises such as globalization, economic and social inequality, and long-term sustainability and resilience of human societies. The investigation and comparison of ancient civilizations have been always of primary interest in modern archaeology, and understanding the causes and consequences of the rise and fall of ancient civilizations has been of great interest to archaeologists for a long time. However, the advancement of our knowledge on the emergence of ancient civilizations and the social, economic, political, and population dynamics of early cities, states, and empires has been hampered by the relative lack of rigorous comparative studies.

Seven keynote speeches were presented in the World Archaeology Keynote Lecture Series, concerning, but not limited to, methodologies and key themes of comparative analysis in the investigation of ancient civilization through the examination of case studies, the range of temporal and spatial variation of early complex societies across different regions and within specific macro-regions, the development of social inequality, the processes of urbanization, and the importance of economy, ritual, and monumentality in early civilizations.

世界考古学主题论坛演讲，旨在讨论考古学理论和方法的最新进展，交流针对具体问题的研究成果，从而推进各国学者之间的学术交流和研究合作。主题论坛演讲着重强调与当今社会和世界未来发展息息相关的主题。

首届世界考古论坛·上海的主题是古代文明的比较研究。正如已故的布鲁斯·炊格尔教授所言：“社会科学面对的最重要的议题是人类行为在多大程度上受制于跨文化因素，或受制于某一文化之特定因素”（《解读早期文明》，2003年）。通过使用比较研究的方法，考古学家得以认识古代文化的物质遗留并探索其时空变化。对于认识人类行为的共性及规律，无论是认识人类社会、文化的独特性，还是它们的多变性，比较分析即便不是唯一的，也不啻为最好的研究方法。现代社会的基本制度和价值观深深根植于数千年前的古代文明。研究古文明对于理解和解决当今社会面临的问题及危机有着重大启示意义，比如全球化，经济和社会不平等，以及人类社会的长期可持续性发展等。对古代文明的调查和比较研究一直是现代考古学最关注的课题，长期以来，探索古代文明兴衰的原因和结果受到考古学家的特别关注。然而，我们对于古代文明的出现，早期城市、邦国、王国和帝国的社会、经济、政治及人口的动态机制等的认识却因缺乏科学缜密的比较研究而止步不前。

七位来自世界不同地区的卓越学者在首届世界考古论坛做主题发言。他们的演讲涉及到古代文明比较研究的方法、具体研究内容、具体案例分析等等。

The Art of Urbanism: Recent Comparative Studies of the Ideological and Environmental Foundations of Highland and Lowland Mesoamerican Cities and States
城市化机制：中美洲高地、低地早期城市和国家意识形态和环境基础的比较研究

William L. Fash, Jr. (Harvard University, USA)
小威廉·费什 (美国哈佛大学)

Archaeology for Our times
我们这个时代的考古学

Fekri Hassan (French University in Egypt)
费克里·哈森 (埃及法兰西大学)

The Comparative Archaeology of Ancient Civilizations
古代文明的比较考古学研究

Charles Higham (University of Otago, New Zealand)
查尔斯·海曼 (新西兰奥塔哥大学)

The Indus Civilization (2600-1900 BCE): Early Urbanism in South Asia and its Legacy
印度河文明（公元前2600—1900）：南亚早期都市生活及其文化遗产

Jonathan Mark Kenoyer (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA)
乔纳森•柯诺耶(美国威斯康辛大学)

The Origins of Ritual and Monumentality in Prehistory: a Comparative Approach
史前礼仪与宏伟性起源的比较研究

Colin Renfrew (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom)
伦福儒 (英国剑桥大学)

The Ritualized Economy and the Origins of Complex Society: An Archaeological Perspective
礼仪化经济和复杂社会的起源：考古学的视野

Charles Stanish (University of California, Los Angeles, USA)
查尔斯·斯坦尼什 (美国加州大学洛杉矶分校)

The Formation of Early Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective
早期中国文明形成过程的考古学观察

Wang Wei (Institute of Archaeology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
王巍 (中国社会科学院考古研究所)